投资和投机
市场新手或专业老手都通过尝试许多错误的方法，花费大量时间学习证券市场的各种知识，或试图寻找某种方法运用其中。结果，除了一大堆乏味肤浅的股评和各种所谓“战胜庄家”的密诀之外，根本找不到任何结果。
本文是为投资者与投机者而写，首先有必要搞清楚投资与投机的意义。投机者专注于中短期市场趋势，他们建立市场头寸，并持有数天，数星期或数月的时间；投资者主要考虑市场的长期趋势，持有的头寸可长达数月数年之久。
然而，事实上，大多数市场的投资者或投机者并不了解自己，不了解投资或投机的艺术。尤其是投机者(他们在整个市场中占了绝大多数)经常根据市场的中短期价格趋势，希望通过有效而准确的买卖行为获利。可在大多数情况下，市场并没有按照他们的想法去运行，于是投机者求助于投资的“规则”去欺骗自己，经常告诉自己：“这个公司业绩真的不错”。投机最终被迫变成投资是我们这个市场经常看到现象。但是投机者对于市场的贡献是为市场提供了不可或缺的流动性(liquidity),在大多数情况下，也可以促进金融资产的平滑转移，并通过资产配置发挥其最佳的功能。
而投资者经常信心满满的将全部资金买入自己所看好的股票，并声称不到多少多少价位绝不出局云云。但往往是经过了很少时间，他的股票总是涨不到他所设想价格，甚至还远远看不到一点点希望，当你下一次见他时，一般的回答是：“我实在是等不了，都这么长时间了，干脆换一只吧，真是不明白，业绩这么好可就是不涨！”。其实，这些所谓的投资者早已忘了当初他为什么买这只股票的原因了，是因为公司业绩好他才做出投资的选择，但是许大多数人可能都不了解一点，业绩好并不代表这家公司的股价能在短时间内迅速上涨。而对于业绩和价格的内在关系，我们将在以后的章节中详细讨论。
投资者通过投机者不断造成的市场流动，最终享受了公司增长的利润。但是问题在于，几乎没有人愿意长期投资，上市公司质量太差是一个原因，投机的乐趣是另一个主要原因。人们经常批评投资者投机心态太重，不注重于长期投资，其实金融市场的不确定性使投机充满了无限的乐趣、想像力、悬念。我们相信乐趣的因素可以占据30%以上之所以投机的比重。
我们相信任何买卖如果搞不清自己是投机或投资，其行为是相当愚蠢的，并可导致令人沮丧的失败。这便是我决定将本文主题锁定在投资基础上的投机行为上的理由。
但是，请读者别误解，我没有想纯粹讨论投机，只是想告诉大家，投机行为只是投资过程中的一部份，一个阶段，一种操作技术而已。其实，不论投机或投资，其最终目标都是一样的：获取利润！
投机的含义并不是赌博。“投”的意思是抓住、把握、适当利用、寻找；“机”指机会、时机、事物的本质规律。一位扑克高手几乎以赌博为生，告诉我他成功生存的秘密。第一条，如果你希望获胜，你必须了解打牌的基本规则；第二条，当运气不好时，只输到所带赌金的三分之一，立刻不玩了。我在想，天哪！他的操作原则若放在证券市场里比大多数投资者强多了。这第二条就是本次讨论的范围：界定赌桌上输钱的最低限或证券市场中交易的止损位。
I like divisions, but 8 4 team divisions just about guarantees that at least one division will have no good teams. This year there were 2 bad Wests, and the NFC North almost as bad. 4 divisions seems about right.
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